integration analysis

Consider the integral

[ (e^2s + 2) / e^s ] ds

This is an indefinite integral, so we need to find the most general antiderivative of the integrand f(s).

To find an antiderivative of f(s), we go through our list of integration methods:

Recognize elementary antiderivatives
Rewrite the integrand to make it easier
Use substitution to reverse the chain rule or simplify the integrand
Use integration by parts
Use inspection to see the value of a definite integral

to find one that works for this integrand. In this case, only one method is appropriate. We can rewrite the integrand: consider the parts of the integral separately and use rules of exponents to combine the numerators and denominators in the ratios of exponentials to give an expression that is more easily integrable. This is shown below.

Rewriting:
Consider the parts of the integral separately and use rules of exponents to combine the numerators and denominators in the ratios of exponentials to rewrite the integral:

[ (e^2s + 2) / e^s ] = e^s + 2e^-s.

This can be broken into separate integrals,

[ (e^2s + 2) / e^s ] ds =

e^sds+

2e^-sds

which can be evaluated using basic antidifferentiation, and substitution (of "ax"), respectively, to obtain

e^sds+

2e^-sds = (e^s) + (-2e^-s) + C.

Explanation for rewritten term(s)
Basic antidifferentiation
In this case, by using rules for basic antiderivatives we can just write down the antiderivative of the integrand:

e^s ds = e^s + C

Substitution (of "ax")
Let w = -1 s. Then w' = -1, so (1/(-1)) dw = ds. The integral can therefore be rewritten as

2e^-s ds =

2e^w (1/(-1)) dw = -2e^w + C

Thus, substituting back for w,

2e^-s ds = -2e^-s + C

integration tutorial: analysis