Derivatives of Quotients
Example:
Z = sqrt(3*y - 9) / (5*y2 + 1/4)
The first thing to notice when finding the derivative of this function
is that it is a quotient, as shown below:
| Z |
= |
sqrt(3*y - 9) |
 |
| 5*y2 + 1/4 |
The Derivative Rule for Quotients:
The derivative of a quotient is the derivative of the numerator
times the denominator minus the numerator times the derivative of the
denominator, all divided by the denominator squared.
If
| |
z |
= ( |
f(x) |
) |
 |
| g(x) |
then the derivative of
z is
| |
z ' |
= ( |
f(x) |
)' |
 |
| g(x) |
| |
|
= |
f '(x) g(x) |
- |
f(x) g '(x) |
|
 |
|
( g(x) )2 |
So our example,
| Z |
= |
sqrt(3*y - 9) |
 |
| 5*y2 + 1/4 |
we can think of as
| Z |
= |
f(y) |
 |
| g(y) |
So the derivative is
| Z' |
= ( |
f(y) |
)' |
 |
| g(y) |
| |
= |
f '(y) |
g(y) |
- |
f(y) |
g '(y) |
 |
| ( g(y) )2 |
| |
= |
( sqrt(3*y - 9) )' |
( 5*y2 + 1/4 ) |
- |
( sqrt(3*y - 9) ) |
( 5*y2 + 1/4 )' |
 |
| ( 5*y2 + 1/4 )2 |
and we just need to know each of the derivatives on the right-hand
side of the equation. In this case these are
so the finished derivative is
| Z' |
= |
( (1/2)*(3*y - 9)-1/2 (3 - 0) ) |
( 5*y2 + 1/4 ) |
- |
( sqrt(3*y - 9) ) |
( 5*2*y + 0 ) |
 |
| ( 5*y2 + 1/4 )2 |
| |
= |
(3/2)*(3*y - 9)-1/2 (5*y2 + 1/4) - 10*y sqrt(3*y - 9) |
 |
| (5*y2 + 1/4)2 |
additional explanation for the quotient rule
see another quotient rule example
practice gateway test
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Page Generated: Fri Mar 27 00:21:55 2026
Comments to Gavin LaRose
glarose@umich.edu
©2001 Gavin LaRose,
University of Michigan Math Dept.