Derivatives of Quotients

Example:
Z = sqrt(3*y - 9) / (5*y2 + 1/4)

The first thing to notice when finding the derivative of this function is that it is a quotient, as shown below:

Z = sqrt(3*y - 9)
----------
5*y2 + 1/4

The Derivative Rule for Quotients:

The derivative of a quotient is the derivative of the numerator times the denominator minus the numerator times the derivative of the denominator, all divided by the denominator squared.
If
  z = ( f(x) )
----
g(x)
then the derivative of z is
  z ' = ( f(x) )'
----
g(x)
    = f '(x) g(x) - f(x) g '(x)  
----
( g(x) )2

So our example,

Z = sqrt(3*y - 9)
----------
5*y2 + 1/4
we can think of as
Z = f(y)
----------
g(y)
So the derivative is
Z' = ( f(y) )'
----------
g(y)
  = f '(y) g(y) - f(y) g '(y)
----------
( g(y) )2
  = ( sqrt(3*y - 9) )' ( 5*y2 + 1/4 ) - ( sqrt(3*y - 9) ) ( 5*y2 + 1/4 )'
----------
( 5*y2 + 1/4 )2
and we just need to know each of the derivatives on the right-hand side of the equation. In this case these are
( sqrt(3*y - 9) )' = (1/2)*(3*y - 9)-1/2 (3 - 0) (by the chain rule)
( 5*y2 + 1/4 )' = 5*2*y + 0 (by the derivative rule for sums, rule for constant multiples, and the derivative rule for constants)
so the finished derivative is
Z' = ( (1/2)*(3*y - 9)-1/2 (3 - 0) ) ( 5*y2 + 1/4 ) - ( sqrt(3*y - 9) ) ( 5*2*y + 0 )
----------
( 5*y2 + 1/4 )2
  = (3/2)*(3*y - 9)-1/2 (5*y2 + 1/4) - 10*y sqrt(3*y - 9)
----------
(5*y2 + 1/4)2
[]


additional explanation for the quotient rule
see another quotient rule example
practice gateway test
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Comments to Gavin LaRose
glarose@umich.edu
©2001 Gavin LaRose, University of Michigan Math Dept.